How do concepts of exile and masquerade operate in handmaid's tale, Term Paper

How do concepts of exile and masquerade operate in handmaid's tale, and comfort woman - Term Paper Example The book touches on many themes the most prominent being that of women’s rights, and also those of exile and masquerade. The theme of exile is most prominent in the ‘Unwomen’ segment of society. It also frequently appears in the desire that many characters have for voluntary exile from the Giledean state. The Comfort Women is a painful story woven around the lives of two women. One is the story of Akiko a Korean comfort women1 married to an American missionary. The other protagonist is her daughter struggling to come to terms with her life specially her cultural identity. The theme of exile in this book is present in the book because the characters are in places physically and emotionally in which they feel disconnected from reality. Akiko after the hell that she goes through struggles to survive alone in America and also to maintain a balance between her spiritual life and her external American life. Her daughter on the other hand is embarrassed by her mother’s obsession with the spirit world because it is something that has no connection to her American life. The book also has element of the theme of masquerade in the sense that Akiko hides who she really is from everyone around her including her daughter. In a way she wears a mask to hide the marks of what the past has left on her. The theme of exile is an important one in Handmaid’s tale. Those exiled are victims of the society’s structure, in the sense that they either could not fit into any of the categories assigned by the government or they have been disconnected from mainstream society simply because they serve a function that society does not want to highlight. One category is the ’Unwomen’. This does not include only women but in fact political rebels, homosexuals or anyone who does not fit into any of the categories. They have been exiled from society forced to live in toxic waste dumps in the fringes of society. This category is used as at

Working condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Working condition - Essay Example The OSHA has recorded that these issues generally lead to an affect on the soft tissues and the nerves. The seriousness of these issues is very high and a person could also be crippled by this disorder. Thus it could affect the persons personal as well as their professional life to a great extent. Based on these issues and the government have recommended a number of newer rules and regulations for the employee safety and to ensure complete protection for the workers in the meat and poultry industry. This is a very useful decision made by the government and it is high time that serious steps be taken for these employees as the only ones who are affected by the job are the employees themselves. With the high speed of the production lines and the under – reporting of the injuries in this industry, the effort of the employees has been over looked and to a great extent the employees loose out on their compensations and the anti – retaliation laws (FSIS, 2009). With the new laws set down by the government, the employees will be provided with a mode of ensuring their safety and also their health concerns will not be over – looked. It is essential to realize the problems that the employees working in these firms go through on a daily basis and the amount of risk they have to undertake in relation to their health. As mentioned earlier, the employees working in these firms can end up becoming crippled both in terms of work as well as personal lives. Also since the disorders are cumulative, the employees tend to face more issues, if the tasks remain the same. This is because the particular body part of the employee is subjected to pressure and to strain which can cause irreversible damage. These damages can be devastating and to a great extent they can be completely irreversible (FSIS, 2009). As the government is now taking serious steps

Gender In The Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

Gender In The Middle Ages Essay During the medieval periods, gender is a great measure defining the state of a certain person in a certain society. According to the Qur’an, the male gendered people are always considered as superior than that of the female figures because the scripture explains that it is as God created man first before creating a woman and that the man is the protector and provider of the woman. In the medieval period society, those people who acquire power are said to be all male gendered ones. A woman is never allowed to hold power because they are said to be subjected in doing household chores because they are believed to be inferior being than that of man. Females are believed to be basically serving their husbands as well as their children and also their parents. This kind of belief bloomed because it is written in the Holy Scriptures that God created man on his image and because God is believed to be a powerful immortal creator then therefore the man whom he created holds the power over everything that God created. The only position that a woman can hold in the society during the medieval time is; someone who will follow their husband as they are subjected to follow the man’s rule because the man are considered the authority. Woman are also not allowed to learn as they are not allowed to teach, they also can not be allowed as a witness, and nor are they allowed to give their judgement as well as their opinion over a certain matter. Women are never given the chance to excel beyond what they are, neither are they given the opportunity to speak out their thoughts. They are considered as servants who are chosen by the immortal creator to serve the man created as the holder of the power and authority above every creation. The society’s expectation of role towards the people came basically from the sacred scriptures. In Christian scripture, it is stated in the bible that Adam was made first in order to rule, protect and be the authority over God’s creation; in the Qur’an scripture from the Islamic religion, it has also been stated that man is made first in order to rule those who are made inferior to them. The medieval scenario on gender shows that the medieval period basically adopted the sacred scripture’s statement and implemented it as a basis on how they are going to treat such people depicted by their gender. This explains that the church has a great influence towards the people on the medieval periods; it generally makes people obey and base their social life under the words of the immortal creator. The people’s concern during the medieval period which is related to gender is that they give man all the respect due to the man’s gender. The respect that the society bestows towards the male figures is considered as a symbol of their love and respect to which they believe and they have faith into. Since the people believed that God is powerful and that God created man from his own image, therefore man as the society considers, is as precious and as respectful as God is who deserves authority, power, love, respect, and obedience as much as loyalty. On the contrary, there is an act in which the boundaries of gender can be altered. An example is the Chambermaid who is a servant employed by a certain master in order to do all the heavy and most filthy duties in a household. This kind of servant can be almost considered as an outcast or untouchable and therefore man are not allowed to get closer to her and worst is that man are also not allowed to marry them. The people during the medieval period are basically not allowed to rise into a higher status in the society. Since the medieval people have their idea in mind that women are not created through God’s image and likeness, they are then subjected to forever being servant of their master or of their husband. This includes their exception from learning as well as their exception from their right to teach what they know, the are also not allowed to become a witness in any matter or crime, they are even prevented from giving such guarantee, and thus they are also not allowed to witness such judgement nor give their own opinion regarding the judgement matters. The ideas and beliefs that the medieval people used to believe are cruel and unfair. It imposes that women are useless and all that women can be is a simple servant who tends to follow all that the man has to say or has to command. In addition, women are being treated like animals lacking of respect and losing their dignity as a human being who are too created by the almighty. Through the period that the female beings were disrespected, they’ve experienced torments, public humiliation; they are also unaccepted by the society to join any position or to excel at any other state rather than that of being a slave. If the medieval people really believed in God and thus respect and love him as they loved the male races, then therefore the woman also deserves such respect because they too are beings created by God and that what God said that â€Å"man should be the authority over woman† was taken exaggeratedly to the extend that the male race treated the women as â€Å"nothing† where what God meant by his word is that man should be the authority over woman in order to protect the female race from the temptations and tests of life which females are weak of. Class status added a conflict to the situation when women were disregarded and taken advantage of. Those who are rich or considered as powerful aristocrats during the medieval period tend to purchase women to e either their sex object or slaves. Those who are being purchased for slaves were being commanded to do ridiculous chores and those who were purchased to be sex objects were considered as source for past time pleasure. The women purchased to make love with by the socially stabled man will not be free even if somebody purchased them unless their present master will decide to let go of them. The example wherein people could see that women where given the opportunity to be treated fairly is in The Rule of St. Francis of Assisi wherein he said that man which he considers as his brothers should not dare to judge other people but rather they should be gentle or kind. In addition to the rules, it was stated that man should not have any verbal nor non-verbal connection with the women unless they were being allowed by the pope. The rules of St. Francis of Assisi show how people must treat women in a way that the women were being given proper respect. The nuns’ gender as a female deserves respect for they are holy as God had created them and as they were ready to serve God. In the middle or medieval period, gender treatments were not uniform. There were places where female were considered slaves and that they were being sold and purchased just like materials things and men act like God who holds power over women. On the other hand, in other places, men were treated like slaves as women were and they too experiences sufferings and torments and women where somehow treated fairly. Gender issues during the medieval or middle age is a historical fact that marked the perception of people towards the importance of the humanity’s difference and how they should be treated which made the people of this period time realize that women can be as useful, and as effective as men in any matter. It is not because man are made with God’s image that women should be taken advantage of but it is that because they are God’s like created figures, they should then treat the creations as a precious thing which is under their care. BIBLIOGRAPHY Sherman, Dennis. Western Civilization Sources, Images, and Interpretations. 7th ed. Vol. 1: McGraw Hill, Year.

Family Resource Centers Essay -- Social Work Children Papers

Family Resource Centers Half the children in this country live in homes in which one or both parents work. Twelve million children in this country do not have health insurance, and over 4.5% of all children are victims of suspected child abuse or neglect (Doktor and Poertner). Believe it or not, these are all indicators of the demand for Family Resource Centers within our school systems. Many question whether Family Resource Centers are worth the money the state pours into them. However, in serving students, parents and teachers, there should be no question of their significance. Due to The Kentucky Education Reform Act in the early 1990's we have seen the development of Family Resource Centers in Kentucky, and they are fulfilling expectations and serve a valuable purpose in spite of some skepticism. Being a social work major and growing up in a school system under KERA, I know that family resource centers are important and that all parents, students and teachers need to be informed of all the good they do for a community. To address these points we will discuss the purpose of family resource centers the controversy that surround them and their effectiveness. Background of Family Resource Centers Before we can look at the purpose and the controversy around Family Resource Centers, we must first consider their background and what Family Resource Centers are. According to an Orientation Guide for Newly Employed FR/YSC Coordinators published by Morehead State University's College of Education, Family Resource Centers originated in the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990. Section 18 of the historical document called for the establishment of a system of statewide coordination of child service agencies though a school base... ... Blocks for Success: States of States Kentucky." Education Week 21.17 (10 Jan 2002):119 Fact Search. Camden Carroll Lib. Morehead State University. 27 Oct 2013. Jones, Doug. Personal Interview. 2.Dec.2013. Messer, David. Personal Interview. 3 Nov. 2013. Rose, Harold. "Preface. "Orientation Guide for Newly Employed FR/YSC Coordinators." Morehead State University College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, May 1991: 1 "Student and Family Support." Kentucky Department of Education: (9 Sept 2003). 3 Nov. 2013 http://www.kentuckyschools.net. Wojciechowski, A. "Assuring the Effective Advanced Degree Nurse as Clinical Education Program Manager." Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice: 5.2 (Jun 2002):43 Academic Search Premier. EBSCO Host. Camden Carroll Lib. Morehead State University. 27 Oct 2013.

Figure Skating

Title: Figure skating General Purpose: To inform my audience about figure skating. Specific Purpose: To teach audience the fundamental parts of figure skating Central Idea: In order to do all fantastic figure skating perform, you have to learn the most basic parts of figure skating: to lace skates, fall and get up on skates, skate forward on ice. Introduction I. Attention step: Everyone may has seen on TV the classic â€Å"scratch spin† in figure skating, where the skater draws her arms and a leg in and speeds up tremendously. II.Introduce topic: I am really excited about watching that and I wish I could spin freely on ice as well. III. Credibility statement: According to website Olympic. org, figure skating is an Olympic sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on ice skates. However, in order to perform all those fantastic techniques, you have to learn the most basic parts of figure skating. IV. Pre view main points/state central idea: Today, I would like to tell you about how to lace your skates, how to fall and get up on skates, and how to skate forward on ice. Transition: First, let me tell you how to lace figure skates correctly because it will make the ice skating experience more enjoyable. ) Body I. Correct lacing of figure skates is very important and must be done a certain way. a. Loosen up the skates and stuff the feet inside the boots b. Tighten up the laces in the first half of the boot. c. Tighten the laces the most where the foot and the ankle bends. This is the most important part of lacing figure skates. Give the laces a good tug at this point and pull hard. d.Next lace around the hooks. Make a criss-cross pattern with the laces and pull with both hands around each hook e. Finish with a double knot on the lace. (Transition: Now we have put on the skates. Next, the important thing we should learn is how to fall and stand up on the ice. ) II. We should practice fal ling and getting up since falling is part of the sport so it's natural that this will happen. ) a. First bend your knees and squat into a  dip  position. b. Now, fall to the side and lean a bit forward as you fall on the ice.Don't lean back, or you may hit your head. c. Put your hands in your lap and not on the ice. If you leave your hands on the ice, another skater could skate over your fingers! d. Now, turn over on your hands and knees. e. Take one foot and place it between your hands. Leave the other foot behind and use its toe picks to stop your feet from sliding by applying pressure to your toes. f. Now, push yourself up and you should be standing on the ice! (Transition: Finally, it’s time to slide on ice. ) III. The last basic step of figure skating is sliding forward. . Put the arms, with the palms facing down, in front on an â€Å"imaginary table† for balance. b. Lean on your weak foot, for example your left foot, then push in a diagonal direction outwards with your strong foot. Pretend as though you're shoveling snow behind and to the right of you. This will propel you forward. c. Then bring the right foot back in next to the left and repeat the process. You should pretend riding a scooter down the street. d. Remember that the toe picks on figure skates are not meant to help with pushing.Use the entire blade to make the skates move. (Transition: That’s all I want to show you today, don’t forget these basic steps when you figure skate. ) Conclusion I. It’s really important to practice lacing skates, falling and standing up, skating forward. II. If you want to â€Å"scratch spin† even jump on ice, you have to master all these basic skills. Just keep in mind it takes a lot of practice and won't happen over night. Works Cited: â€Å"Figure skating†. Olympic. N. d. Web. 4 September 2006. Visual Aids: Figure skates.

Rain Forest Destruction Essay - 1561 Words

â€Å"‘Deforestation hits hardest in tropical forests, those vast tracts bordering the equator’† (as stated by Cooper, 1991, September 20). Through out 1990-2007, only three different rainforest have shown a moderate decrease in forest destruction (Newsweek, 2009, December 14). With this information, people around the world will know how important it is to refrain from destroying the forests. If scientists continue to explain the importance of the rain forests leaders of the world will stop most destruction to the rainforests. By stopping most destruction to rain forests the killing animals, the loss of foods, and the destruction of plants will slowly stop. The destruction of Rainforests should be prohibited. There are many important†¦show more content†¦This is an abundant amount of each type of water for one rain forest. Along with this being the home of an abundant amount of fresh and salt water the one fifth of the Earth’s water flows through t he Amazon. In which this nourishes over 2,000 types of birds, millions of insects, and 2,500 different fish (Golden, 1989). Because the rain forest has the richest biome on Earth’s surface, these everyday products grow more effectively. As illegal loggers and companies continue to destroy the forest, the important products that could be used as food, drugs, oils, and fuels continue to disappear and become extinct (Smith others, 1991). Oxygen is vital to not only the plants and animals lives, but humans too. People of the world already know and understand how important oxygen is to the planet Earth and its inhabitants. The Amazons common nicknames are â€Å"the lungs of the world and â€Å"the heart of the world.† The origin of the nickname, â€Å"the heart of the world†, was created because the Amazon basin drives energy in the form of vapor out of the region. While the energy is being driven out of the region, water vapor is being brought in from across the A tlantic. When the winds pass across the warm ocean, winds pick up massive amounts of water vapor. The water vapor than will deposit as rain as it hits the coastlines of Brazil. In the end of the circulation, fifty percent of the rain that had soaked into the soilShow MoreRelated Destruction Of The Rain Forest Essay3331 Words   |  14 Pages The Destruction of the Earth’s Rain Forests nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"In the time you can read this sentence, eight acres of tropical rain forest will have been bulldozed and burned out of existence† (Bloyd 49). However, this destruction has been neglected and overlooked for years. Many people do not understand the long-term consequences of losing the earth’s rain forests. The rain forests have provided people with many natural resources and medicines. The benefits that rain forests provideRead More Destroying the Rain Forests: Human effects on Natures Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesDestroying the Rain Forests: Human effects on Natures The rain forests are one of the most unique places on the planet earth. They are home to several thousand species of animals that live no where else in the world1. They are also one of the primary sources of oxygegn of the world. One cannot even begin to describe the sheer beauty of the rain forests. However, the interaction of man with these marvels of nature has had a negative effect. Through agriculture, societal development and the searchRead MoreStop The Destruction of the Rainforest Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Destruction of the Rainforest should be prohibited The destruction of the Rain Forest should be prohibited. Planet Earth is accelerating at an alarming rate; moving towards its own self-destruction. What we learned in high school taught us the importance of converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. Without this conversion process, life as we know it today could possibly cease to exist. The rainforest provides much needed oxygen for the planet. Numerous rainforests exist aroundRead More The Causes of Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesThe Causes of Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Amazon Rain Forest crosses several national boundaries in South America, although the majority of it is located in Brazil. It covers over 3,562,000 acres, making it the largest in the world. But globally, over 138,600 acres of rain forest are lost each year to deforestation, 50,000 of those in Brazil alone (Holdsforth), and the worlds rain forests are quickly disappearing. Deforestation in the Amazon occurs primarily forRead MoreKogi Tribe Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagesthey just want to make it known that destruction is being done. I do believe their fears and concerns are real and should be taken seriously. They fear the destruction of our planet, which is a common concern of the modern public today. Most people understand that modern lifestyle could be improved by other means then harming the environment or any things habitat. Along with planet itself, the Kogi are also worried about the rain forests and our treatment of them. This isRead MoreTkink green,live green! a essay about the main enviromental problem of the society1459 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology such as smokestack scrubbers, emission systems, and waste-water treatment plants. Although developing countries consume a far smaller percentage of the worlds resources per person, the sheer numbers of people can quickly deplete soil, forests, and waterways. air pollution Air pollution is one of the most pervasive enviromental problems because atmospheric currents can carry contaminated air to every part of the globe.Most of the air pollution gases come from vehicle motors and powerRead MoreEffects in our Environment and a Christian’s Role in Preserving and Restoring it1088 Words   |  5 Pages Fig. 2. Total Earth Heat Content from Church et al. (2011) Another crises facing our planet is deforestation, that researchers have linked it to climate change and destruction of the environment, and will eventually lead to ecological catastrophe. Deforestation is mainly the clearing of earth’s forests on a massive scale that often results in damaging the quality of our land. Trees are very important to our environment because they provide shade that blocks sun rays to protect plantsRead MoreEssay about Air Pollution1101 Words   |  5 Pages When looking at air pollution, we can see that there are many types, one type is acid rain. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels mainly in power stations and industry in countries such as Germany, United Kingdom and other economically developed countries is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition or acid rain as it is commonly known occurs when emissions of sulphur dioxide (so2) and oxides of nitrogen (no) react in the atmosphere with water, oxy genRead MoreDeforestation : A Shocking 18 Million Acres Of Forest877 Words   |  4 PagesA shocking 18 million acres of forest are laid bare every year, that is the rough size of Panama. Deforestation is the process of destroying and eliminating a forest. The most common methods used to achieve deforestation are, burning of trees and clear cutting, these methods leave the land totally barren. Deforestation is done in order to use the land for housing, urbanization, cattle ranching, farming, making commercial items, such as, paper and furniture. Removal of trees does much harm to theRead MoreEssay on Effects of Deforestation781 Words   |  4 Pages The subject of deforestation and the effects that it has on the environment have been heavily debated for a long time; particularly over the last few years. Governments and large lumber companies see large profits in the mass deforestation of forests and state that their actions are having few, if any, harmful effects on the environment. Most people disagree with this and think that the environmental effects are devastating and will become irreversibly disastrous in the very near future. Whether

Organizational Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1221 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Justice Essay Did you like this example? Organizational Effectiveness Organizational effectivenessis termed as the devise of how proficient an organization is in reaching the goals the organization has set. Since of the a variety of types of apparent objectives, organizations analyze their effectiveness in different ways when appraised to further organizations, in addition to those equivalent in output.[ Steers, R. M.] Consecutively to appraise the criminal justice personnel effectiveness, principle which illustrate an effectively managed program have got to be initially be enlarged. A criminal justice system may perhaps consist of court officers, correction officers, line officers, probation and parole officers, investigators, and childwelfarespecialists, over and above the entire administrativepersonnelnecessitated to maneuver the system. Activities of Criminal justice system are varied. In any setting to recognize organizational effectiveness, one have got to describe it as per to the organizationa l goals. Managers in a criminal justice surroundings have got to pertain a variety of organizational effectiveness theories appropriately to compute the departmental effectiveness. Managers have got to as well exert control to definite degree to accomplish utmost effectiveness. Once managers compute and attain organizational effectiveness, organizational success is approximately definite. Organizational effectiveness diverse definitions exist, primarily since the organizational effectiveness varies from business to business. A lot of people would describe organizational effectiveness as the outcome or output of the business and how it influences the preferred results. For instance, if an organizations objective is to add to sales profits, the organization might employ a variety of marketing techniques to fetch in additional customers to acquire their product. If the effect is additional customers acquiring their product as proposed, organizational effectiveness exists in this com pany since the organizational goals were attained. Since of the variety types of probable goals organizations compute their effectiveness in diverse ways when compared to further organizations, as well as those alike in output. Application of Organizational Effectiveness Theories Managers and leaders are competent of affecting scores of theories of organizational effectiveness to their corporation. A lot of theories covenant with motivation and how to take advantage of motivation to attain employees to carry out their work and attain the objectives of the organization. Managers as a rule take advantage of content theories and process theories to determine what motivates employees.[ Geering, A. D.] The main advantage of applying the theories of organizational effectiveness is having perceptive of mutually theories and knowing how to exploit each to inspire the employees to attain the objectives of the organization. In a criminal justice setting managers can utilize conten t theory, to detect what will motivate officers of law enforcement to get their job done. Better pay and incentives in conjunction with the want to breed relationships with further officers inspires police officers to carry out their job. Eagan (2008) recommended that more than one need most likely will be motivating for people: Alderfer proposed an â€Å"ERG Theory† (Existence-Relatedness-Growth), plenty of what Maslow proposed; conversely, he felt that more than one need perhaps will be pursued alongside and that if one is not competent to achieve a higher-level desire the want to satisfy the lower level desire will just about definitely increase. For instance, if one cannot attain a promotion, importance may perhaps be given to generating additional income in the present position. (Geering, A. D.) Process theories in setting of criminal justice center on what motivates officers to carry out their job. One instance of the process theory is the operant conditioning theory and how officers attain motivation performing their work. Through the operant conditioning theory Skinner advocates identical to Pavlovs classical conditioning theory, that a person gets a positive incentive when a person carry out a definite action. Consequently, if that person takes that action, positive incentives will carry on to take place and negative results will not ensue. When officers are familiar with that rewards can be achieved for issuing citations, or could be fired for not issuing them, they are expected to act in response in ways that convey benefits relatively than losses (Johnson, R. R. (2011). p. 303). Methods for Exerting Control There are various ways managers and leaders can take advantage of control in an organization. To sketch out how to exercise control, the managers have got to figure out the sort of organization. A bureaucratic organization is a top-down control organization that lets persons in the top management place employ control by transitor y down rules and directives to persons beneath them. This control outlines what the member of staff can and cannot do besides the consequences that probably will take place if the rules are not complied. Many people illustrate employees in a bureaucratic organization as senseless robots since they comply with the rules devoid of questioning them and do not have a state in how or who creates the rules. In simple words, the manager decides what to perform and the employees carry out that goals. Bottom-up empowerment organizations, or in agile organization, managers allow employees to engage in the construction of rules for the organization. Managers observe that the majority employees as equal as against superior to others and grade or position within the organization is customarily not vital. Faith is added as a factor in agile organizations since that managers allow employees to make choices that can have an effect on the whole organization, despite the fact that managers have go t to still exert control above their employees in agile organizations. The employ of management by objects lets managers to exert the control. Managers make available purposes or goals to employees and the employees are left to carry out the job in a way they see forceful to attain the goals. Managers’ present direction, on the other hand the employees set the procedure how to reach the goals. What becomes noticeable from the inspection of the processes of the criminal justice system is an evident depiction of an organization which has particularly specified rules and goals, however has just no instruments through which it can be implemented. In a bureaucratically and rule-bound structured system one discovers an extremely decentralized and absolutely non-hierarchical system of change, in which there are virtually no devices to administer practices and covered conformity to the set objectives of the organization. Due to shortage of such efficient compliance securing mechan isms, institutionalized long-term transformation is unsure. The organizational effectiveness lesson that a great deal of corporate America have studied is one that the American criminal justice system can additionally apply. Recidivism rates, Crime rates, and additional conventional bottom-line estimations have got to have improved basis in community wants and have to include a sensible set of performance standards. What one uncovers in the structure of criminal justice is particularly formalized and demarcated set of rules, goals, and norms nevertheless in addition to an organization which holds no corresponding set of incentives and sanctions to logically enforce them. Any influential debate of reform and proposals for transformation in the administration included by the American system of criminal justice would have to contract with this problematic nature and allocation of compliance-including mechanisms. Paradoxically, it appears to lead to a resolution necessitating additio nal bureaucracy, not less. References R. R. Johnson, (2011). Officer attitudes and management influences on police work productivity. American Journal of Criminal Justice : AJCJ, 36(4), 293-306. D. Geering, (1980). The current state of research on motivation. R. M. Steers, (1976). When Is an Organization Effective? A Process Approach to Understanding Effectiveness. Organizational Dynamics, 5(2), 50-63. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organizational Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System" essay for you Create order